Masiku ano ndi nyengo yozizira ku Chicago, ndipo chifukwa cha mliri wa Covid-19, tili m'nyumba zambiri kuposa kale. Izi zimayambitsa vuto pakhungu.
Kunja kumakhala kozizira komanso kowonongeka, pamene mkati mwa radiator ndi ng'anjo imawombedwa mouma ndi kutentha. Timafunafuna malo osambira ndi madzi otentha, zomwe zimawonjezera kuuma khungu lathu. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhawa za mliri zakhalapo nthawi zonse, zomwe zimayikanso zovuta pamakina athu.
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chikanga chosatha (chomwe chimatchedwanso atopic dermatitis), khungu limayabwa makamaka m'nyengo yozizira.
Dr. Amanda Wendel, dokotala wa khungu pachipatala cha Northwestern Central DuPage Hospital of Northwestern Medicine, anati: “Tikukhala m’nthaŵi za kutengeka mtima kwambiri, kumene kungawonjezere kutupa kwa khungu lathu.” Khungu lathu tsopano ndi lopweteka kwambiri kuposa kale.
Eczema amatchedwa "zidzolo kuyabwa" chifukwa kuyabwa kumayamba kaye, kutsatiridwa ndi kupitirira kwa mkwiyo.
Rachna Shah, MD, yemwe ndi ziwengo wa ziwengo, sinusitis ndi akatswiri a mphumu ku Oak Park, adati kuyabwa kwakanthawi kochepa kumayamba, zowuma kapena zokhuthala, zotupa, kapena Mng'oma umakwera. Kutentha kofala kumaphatikizapo zigongono, manja, akakolo ndi kumbuyo kwa mawondo. Shah adati, koma zidzolo zitha kuwoneka paliponse.
Mu chikanga, zizindikiro zochokera ku chitetezo cha mthupi zingayambitse kutupa, kuyabwa, ndi kuwonongeka kwa chotchinga pakhungu. Dr. Peter Lio, katswiri wa dermatologist ku yunivesite ya Northwestern University, anafotokoza kuti kuyabwa kwa minyewa kumafanana ndi minyewa yowawa ndipo imatumiza zizindikiro ku ubongo kudzera mumsana. Tikayika, kusuntha kwa zala zathu kudzatumiza chizindikiro chopweteka chochepa, chomwe chidzaphimba kuyabwa ndikuyambitsa kusokoneza nthawi yomweyo, potero kumawonjezera mpumulo.
Khungu ndi chotchinga chomwe chimalepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kulowa m'thupi komanso kulepheretsa khungu kutaya chinyezi.
"Tinaphunzira kuti kwa odwala eczema, chotchinga pakhungu sichigwira ntchito bwino, zomwe zimatsogolera ku zomwe ndimatcha kutulutsa khungu," adatero Lio. “Pakhungu lotchinga pakhungu likalephera, madzi amatha kutuluka mosavuta, zomwe zimachititsa khungu louma, lopyapyala, ndipo nthawi zambiri limalephera kusunga chinyezi. Ma allergens, ma irritants, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kulowa pakhungu molakwika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chiyambe kugwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwengo ndi kutupa. .”
Zomwe zimakwiyitsa ndi zowononga zimaphatikizapo mpweya wouma, kusintha kwa kutentha, kupsinjika maganizo, kuyeretsa zinthu, sopo, utoto watsitsi, zovala zopangira, zovala zaubweya, nthata za fumbi - mndandanda ukuwonjezeka nthawi zonse.
Malinga ndi lipoti la Allergology International, zikuwoneka kuti izi sizokwanira, koma 25% mpaka 50% ya odwala chikanga amakhala ndi masinthidwe a jini encoding ciliated protein, yomwe ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi khungu. Angapereke zachilengedwe moisturizing kwenikweni. Izi zimapangitsa kuti allergen ilowe pakhungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti epidermis ikhale yopyapyala.
"Vuto la chikanga ndiloti limakhala ndi zinthu zambiri. Lio adati amalimbikitsa kutsitsa pulogalamu yaulere ya EczemaWise kuti iwonetsetse momwe khungu lilili komanso kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa, zidziwitso ndi zochitika.
Poganizira zovuta zonsezi, kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa chikanga kumakhala kododometsa. Ganizirani njira zisanu zotsatirazi kuti mupeze yankho la khungu lanu:
Chifukwa chotchinga khungu la odwala chikanga nthawi zambiri kuonongeka, iwo kwambiri atengeke yachiwiri matenda chifukwa mabakiteriya khungu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi zimapangitsa ukhondo wapakhungu kukhala chinsinsi, kuphatikizapo kusunga khungu laukhondo ndi lonyowa.
Shah adati: "Sambani madzi otentha kapena kusamba kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10 patsiku." Izi zipangitsa khungu kukhala laukhondo ndikuwonjezera chinyezi.
Shah adanena kuti ndizovuta kuti musatenthe madzi, koma ndikofunika kusankha madzi ofunda. Thirani madzi pa dzanja lanu. Ngati ikuwoneka yokwera kuposa kutentha kwa thupi lanu, koma osati kutentha, ndi zomwe mukufuna.
Pankhani yoyeretsa, gwiritsani ntchito njira zopanda fungo komanso zofatsa. Shah amalimbikitsa zinthu monga CeraVe ndi Cetaphil. CeraVe ili ndi ceramide (mafuta amadzimadzi omwe amathandiza kusunga chinyezi pakhungu).
Shah adati: "Ndikamaliza kusamba, ikani." Shah adati: "Ngakhale mutapukuta khungu lanu ndi chopukutira, mutha kuthetsa kuyabwa nthawi yomweyo, koma izi zingowonjezera misozi."
Pambuyo pake, gwiritsani ntchito moisturizer yapamwamba kwambiri kuti muchepetse. Palibe kununkhira, zonona zonona ndizothandiza kwambiri kuposa mafuta odzola. Kuphatikiza apo, yang'anani mizere yapakhungu yodziwika bwino yokhala ndi zosakaniza zochepa komanso zotsutsana ndi zotupa.
Shah adati: "Kwa thanzi la khungu, chinyezi chanyumba chiyenera kukhala pakati pa 30% ndi 35%. Shah amalimbikitsa kuyika chonyowa m'chipinda chomwe mumagona kapena kugwira ntchito. Anati: "Mutha kusankha kuyisiya kwa maola awiri kuti mupewe chinyezi chambiri, apo ayi zitha kuyambitsa zovuta zina."
Sambani chonyowa ndi vinyo wosasa woyera, bulichi ndi burashi yaying'ono sabata iliyonse, popeza tizilombo timakula m'malo osungiramo madzi ndikulowa mumlengalenga.
Kuti muyese mlingo wa chinyezi m'nyumba mwachikale, lembani galasi ndi madzi ndikuyikamo madzi oundana awiri kapena atatu. Ndiye, dikirani pafupi mphindi zinayi. Ngati ma condensation achuluka kwambiri kunja kwa galasi, mulingo wanu wa chinyezi ukhoza kukhala wokwera kwambiri. Kumbali ina, ngati palibe condensation, mlingo wanu wa chinyezi ukhoza kukhala wotsika kwambiri.
Ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa kuyabwa kwa chikanga, ganizirani chilichonse chomwe chingakhudze khungu lanu, kuphatikizapo zovala ndi ufa wochapira. Ziyenera kukhala zopanda fungo, zomwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimayambitsa miliri. Eczema Association.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, thonje ndi silika zakhala nsalu zosankhidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chikanga, koma kafukufuku yemwe adasindikizidwa mu American Journal of Clinical Dermatology mu 2020 adawonetsa kuti nsalu zopangira antibacterial komanso zowotcha chinyezi zingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za chikanga.
Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu "Clinical, Cosmetic and Research Dermatology" adapeza kuti odwala eczema amavala malaya aatali ndi mathalauza aatali, manja aatali ndi mathalauza opangidwa ndi antibacterial zinc fiber kwa mausiku atatu otsatizana, ndipo kugona kwawo kumakhala bwino.
Kuchiza chikanga sikophweka nthawi zonse, chifukwa kumaphatikizapo zambiri kuposa zidzolo. Mwamwayi, pali njira zambiri zochepetsera chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuchepetsa kutupa.
Shah adanena kuti kutenga maola 24 tsiku la antihistamines, monga Claretin, Zyrtec kapena Xyzal, kungathandize kuthetsa kuyabwa. "Izi zithandizira kuchepetsa zizindikiro zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ziwengo, zomwe zingatanthauze kuchepetsa kuyabwa."
Mafuta odzola am'mutu angathandize kuchepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amapereka corticosteroids, koma mankhwala ena omwe si a steroid angathandizenso. “Ngakhale kuti mankhwala otchedwa topical steroids angakhale othandiza kwambiri, tiyenera kusamala kuti tisawagwiritse ntchito mopitirira muyeso chifukwa amaonda zotchinga pakhungu ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kudalira kwambiri mankhwalawa,” adatero Lio. "Matenda osagwiritsa ntchito ma steroid angathandize kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma steroid kuti khungu likhale lotetezeka." Mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo crisaborole yogulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la malonda Eucrisa.
Kuphatikiza apo, dermatologists atha kutembenukira ku chithandizo chonyowa, chomwe chimaphatikizapo kukulunga malo okhudzidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa. Kuphatikiza apo, phototherapy imagwiritsanso ntchito kuwala kwa ultraviolet komwe kumakhala ndi anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect pakhungu. Malingana ndi American Dermatological Association, mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala "otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima" pochiza chikanga.
Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chikanga chapakati kapena choopsa omwe sanatsitsimutsidwe atagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apakhungu kapena ena, pali mankhwala aposachedwa kwambiri a biologic drug dupilumab (Dupixent). Jakisoni wamankhwala omwe amadzipangira okha kamodzi pa sabata ziwiri zilizonse - amakhala ndi antibody yomwe imalepheretsa kutupa.
Lio adanena kuti odwala ambiri ndi mabanja amakhulupirira kuti chakudya ndiye gwero la chikanga, kapena chofunikira kwambiri. "Koma kwa odwala athu ambiri a chikanga, chakudya chikuwoneka kuti chimagwira gawo laling'ono poyendetsa matenda apakhungu."
"Chinthu chonsecho ndi chovuta kwambiri, chifukwa palibe kukayika kuti kusagwirizana ndi zakudya kumakhudzana ndi atopic dermatitis, ndipo pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala omwe ali ndi dermatitis yapakatikati kapena yoopsa kwambiri amakhala ndi zakudya zenizeni," adatero Lio. Chofala kwambiri ndi ziwengo zamkaka, mazira, mtedza, nsomba, soya ndi tirigu.
Anthu omwe ali ndi ziwengo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa khungu kapena kuyeza magazi kuti azindikire zomwe sizikugwirizana nazo. Komabe, ngakhale simuli osagwirizana ndi chakudya, zitha kukhudza chikanga.
"Tsoka ilo, pali zambiri pankhaniyi," adatero Lio. "Zakudya zina zimawoneka ngati zotupa m'njira yopanda allergenic, yocheperako, monga mkaka. Kwa anthu ena, kudya mkaka wambiri kumapangitsa kuti zinthu ziipireipire.” Kwa atopic dermatitis, kapena ngati ziphuphu zakumaso zimakhudzidwa. "Ichi si vuto lenileni, koma likuwoneka kuti limayambitsa kutupa."
Ngakhale kuti pali njira zodziwira kuti zakudya sizili bwino, palibe njira yodziwikiratu yodziwikiratu kuti chakudya chimakhudzidwa. Njira yabwino yodziwira ngati mumakhudzidwa ndi zakudya ndikuyesa kuchotsa zakudya, kuchotsani zakudya zinazake kwa milungu iwiri kuti muwone ngati zizindikirozo zikutha, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono muwabwezeretsenso kuti muwone ngati zizindikirozo zikuwonekeranso.
"Kwa akuluakulu, ngati ali otsimikiza kuti chinachake chidzapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zovuta kwambiri, ndikhoza kuyesa kudya pang'ono, zomwe ziri zabwino," adatero Lio. "Ndikuyembekezanso kuwongolera odwala mozama ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi: zochokera ku zomera, yesetsani kuchepetsa zakudya zowonongeka, kuchotsa zakudya za shuga, ndikuyang'ana kwambiri zakudya zopangira kunyumba."
Ngakhale ndizovuta kuyimitsa chikanga, kuyambira ndi masitepe asanu omwe ali pamwambawa angathandize kuyabwa kwanthawi yayitali kutha.
Morgan Lord ndi wolemba, mphunzitsi, wowongolera komanso mayi. Panopa ndi pulofesa ku yunivesite ya Chicago ku Illinois.
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