Ukadaulo wochiritsa ma neutralization wamadzi ochapira acid ndi gawo lofunikira pakuchotsa zinthu za acidic m'madzi onyansa. Iwo makamaka neutralizes acidic zinthu mu ndale zinthu mwa mankhwala zimachitikira, potero kuchepetsa kuwononga kwawo chilengedwe.

1. Neutralization Mfundo: Neutralization reaction ndi momwe zimachitikira pakati pa asidi ndi alkali, kutulutsa mchere ndi madzi. Madzi ochapira asidi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zidulo zolimba monga sulfuric acid ndi hydrochloric acid. Pa chithandizo, kuchuluka koyenera kwa zinthu zamchere (monga sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, kapena laimu) ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti zichepetse acidic izi. Pambuyo pazimenezi, pH mtengo wamadzi onyansa udzasinthidwa kukhala malo otetezeka (nthawi zambiri 6.5-8.5).

2. Kusankhidwa kwa neutralizing agents: Ma neutralizing agents omwe amaphatikizapo sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), calcium hydroxide (laimu), ndi zina zotero. Sodium hydroxide imachita mwachangu, koma kugwira ntchito mosamala kumafunika kupewa chithovu chochuluka ndi kuwaza; Calcium hydroxide imachita pang'onopang'ono, koma imatha kupanga mpweya pambuyo pa chithandizo, chomwe chimakhala choyenera kuchotsedwa.

3. Kuwongolera ndondomeko ya neutralization: Pa nthawi ya neutralization ndondomeko, m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa pH mtengo wa madzi onyansa mu nthawi yeniyeni kuti muwonetsetse kuti chiŵerengero choyenera cha asidi-base. Kugwiritsa ntchito makina owongolera okha kumatha kukwaniritsa dosing yolondola ndikupewa zovuta kapena kuperewera. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kumatulutsidwa panthawi yomwe akuchita, ndipo zotengera zoyenera ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zipewe kutentha kwambiri.

4. Chithandizo chotsatira: Pambuyo pa neutralization, madzi otayira amatha kukhala ndi zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndi ayoni azitsulo zolemera. Panthawiyi, njira zina zothandizira mankhwala monga sedimentation ndi filtration ziyenera kuphatikizidwa kuti zipitirize kuchotsa zowonongeka zotsalira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti khalidwe lamadzimadzi likugwirizana ndi chilengedwe.

Kupyolera mu ukadaulo wothandiza wamankhwala osalowerera ndale, madzi ochapira acid amatha kutsukidwa bwino, kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika cha kupanga mafakitale.