Mfundo yofunika kwambiri pakuyeretsa madzi m'mafakitale ndikuchotsa zowononga m'madzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zakuthupi, zamankhwala, ndi zachilengedwe kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zamadzi pakupanga kapena kutulutsa m'mafakitale. Zimaphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi:

1. Chithandizo chisanachitike: Panthawi yochizira isanakwane, njira zakuthupi monga kusefera ndi mvula nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zolimba zomwe zayimitsidwa, zinyalala zam'madzi, ndi zinthu zamafuta m'madzi. Sitepe iyi ikhoza kuchepetsa kulemedwa kwa processing wotsatira ndi kusintha processing Mwachangu.

2. Chithandizo chamankhwala: Powonjezera mankhwala monga coagulants, flocculants, etc., tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tomwe timayimitsidwa m'madzi timalimbikitsidwa kuti tipange flocs zazikulu, zomwe zimathandizira mpweya kapena kusefa. Kuphatikiza apo, chithandizo chamankhwala chimaphatikizansopo kuchotsa zinthu zakuthupi kapena zapoizoni m'madzi kudzera m'maoxidants ndi zochepetsera.

3. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Polimbana ndi zowononga zachilengedwe, njira zowonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga sludge ndi anaerobic biological treatment nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zowononga zachilengedwe. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti timathyola zowononga kukhala zinthu zopanda vuto monga mpweya woipa, madzi, ndi nayitrogeni kudzera mu metabolism.

4. Ukadaulo wolekanitsa ma membrane: Ukadaulo wolekanitsa ma membrane, monga reverse osmosis (RO), ultrafiltration (UF), ndi zina zotero, zimatha kuchotsa mchere wosungunuka, zinthu zamoyo, ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'madzi kudzera pakuwunika kwakuthupi, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamadzi apamwamba kwambiri. chithandizo.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zochizira matendawa mwatsatanetsatane, kuyeretsa bwino ndi kukonzanso madzi owonongeka kungathe kukwaniritsidwa, kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe komanso kupititsa patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka madzi.